It is almost laughable now, in the wake of our discovery, but before the SSCA treasure entered the market, the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS,) had graded only 315 mint-state Type I double eagles dated 1850 - 1857. Curating and submitting the SSCA treasure in 2000 - 2001 added 4,042 mint-state 1857-S, 255 mint-state 1856-S, 58 mint-state 1855-S, and 4 mint-state 1854-S to the mix.

When I showed numismatic expert Walter Breen examples of the treasure at Christie's in 1990 (see Treasure Talk 3: Part 2), he was thrilled to see such material, where so much detail could be easily seen. During the time we gave him for examination he began making notes about die varieties, differences between coins struck with specific sets of tools (dies.) He alerted me to the existence of such varieties, where tiny and even microscopic features reveal the individual characteristics of tools the Mint used to stamp plain gold disks (known as planchets) into coins. Breen showed me examples of the differences, easy to see with a loupe, particularly in the lettering seen in the legend, There was a in here, a missing serif on the in there, as well as variations in the exact position of the mint mark

And so, I was armed with a new awareness. As I curated a couple hundred coins during the 90s, determining the reverse (tails side) die varieties became part of the sport, like fossil collecting or birding, trying to find new species (in this case die varieties), and tallying the species I had seen.

Early in the process, it became obvious that one die variety was abundant above all others, and that coins of that variety were downright common in very high grades. These coins all had distinctive marks, a couple of short, sharp, raised lines touching the left edge of the shield. It appears that somewhere along the line of production, someone had a minor accident with this particular reverse die, dropping a punch or chisel on it, or dropping the die itself onto something hard, thus marking the tool in this distinctive way, as well as all the coins made from that die.

My lab work in the 90s was constrained by limits on the numbers of coins I could safely, securely, and legally handle at our facilities in Columbus, all movements tracked and reported to Judge Richard B. Kellam in Federal District Court in Norfolk, VA. And so, I only curated a couple hundred coins during that decade, experimenting with techniques, and learning what I could from the coins I conserved and examined in detail.

There was something deeply satisfying about taking objects that looked like pieces of dirt, watching the dirt fall away, and seeing the gems revealed within. Each coin, encased in its rusty matrix, held the potential for discovery, a mystery waiting to be solved. As the individual mysteries resolved, the statistics started to pile up, revealing yet another story.

When I first started in the lab in California, I told Dwight Manley about the existence of reverse die varieties, and that I thought they could be determined. He enthusiastically said I couldn't have agreed more, although I soon realized it would require extra effort, focus and time. At first, I tried to share my identification photos and system with the grading room at PCGS. It probably took about two days before we all realized that the learning curve toward familiarity with the subject was just a little too steep. The graders at PCGS are world class, knowledgeable and perceptive, but suddenly asking them to learn a new system of coin varieties was a bit much, given the crunch of time.

They also had plenty of other work pounding on the door. So, since I invented the system, I was the guy to apply it, and I did so for all sixty-four hundred S-Mint double eagles we had found in the treasure. I'm glad I took what Walter Breen introduced to me and managed to develop a better understanding of the Mint's industry as applied toward creating these coins. The subject can go deeper than I wish to here.

This study resulted in my first significant contribution to written, recorded numismatic knowledge. I was invited to write an article for The Numismatist, to describe my system, the Spiked Shield, and the other seven varieties I had found among 1857-S double eagles. In fact, it turned out to be the COVER ARTICLE for The Numismatist, July 2000 issue.

Looking back on this objectively after a quarter century, I am a little amazed they wanted me to do this. I'm sure Dwight Manley had no trouble getting the attention of the American Numismatic Association, the organization publishing The Numismatist, and to which he gave generous financial support. He saw my photographs and my evidence in the lab, and he was as eager as I was to share whatever variety could be found in this enormous hoard of double eagles. But I was completely unpublished in this field!

The confidence that both Dwight and The Numismatist Editor Barbara Gregory placed in me as I wrote and submitted this article is something for which I will always be grateful. The article received a wonderful award that year, First Place in the Wayte and Olga Raymond Award for contributions to US Numismatics.

As a result, the numismatic community at large began to see me as some kind of expert, which I suppose I was, at this tiny little specific subject within the enormous field of numismatics. But at coin shows I sometimes felt as if I was swimming in an ocean of knowledge, trying my best to keep afloat as I learned about new subject after new subject.

To read the complete article, see:
Treasure Talk: Episode 6 Part 1My Pieces(https://finestknown.com/treasure-talk-episode-6-part-1my-favorite-pieces/)

For the complete series, see:
Category Archives: Treasure Talk with Bob Evans(https://finestknown.com/treasure-talk-with-bob-evans/)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 1(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n12a12.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 2.1(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n13a17.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 2.2(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n14a15.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 3.1(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n15a16.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 3.2(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n17a16.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 4.1(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n18a13.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 4.2(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n19a20.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 5.1(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n22a13.html)
TREASURE TALK WITH BOB EVANS, EPISODE 5.2(https://www.coinbooks.org/v28/esylum_v28n23a16.html)