To the Confederacy, he was a notorious counterfeiter. To the Union, he was a hero. Here, a few things you might not know about the Philly shopkeeper who helped win the Civil War.

1. In late February of 1862, a year into the Civil War, a Philadelphia stationer named Samuel Curtis Upham observed a run on the sale of copies of the Philadelphia Inquirer at his shop on Chestnut Street. When he asked why, customers pointed out what was printed on the front page: a copy of a $5 Confederate bill. Philadelphians were curious to know what Confederate money looked like.

2. In a flash of brilliance, Upham realized there would be a market for souvenir copies of the currency. He rushed to the Inquirer's offices and bought the electroplate that had been used to print the facsimile, then took it to a printer and had him run off 3,000 copies. He hung a sign in his shop promoting them as "Rebel notes," on sale for a penny apiece. They sold out within days.

3. Upham then procured the electroplate for a Confederate $10 bill that had appeared in another newspaper and had a quantity printed. He was careful to append to the bottom of each a notation that read: "Fac-simile Confederate Note-Sold wholesale and retail by S.C. Upham 403 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia."

4. Conveniently, when this note was cut away, what was left was an exact replica of a Confederate $10 bill. This fact didn't escape the notice of Northerners who were engaged in illegally smuggling cotton from the South for fabric manufacture. They soon began to pay for their cotton with Upham's counterfeit bills.

5. Upham advertised his bills throughout the North, promoting them in newspapers that included the New York Tribune and Harper's Weekly as "mementos of the Rebellion." His ads also offered to pay "three times the value in gold" for other denominations of real Confederate bills and coins for him to duplicate. By May of 1862, he had a dozen different Confederate notes and stamps for offer and claimed to have sold 80,000 in April alone. His success led to a price increase: Notes now went for five cents each. He also added a caution to his advertising: BEWARE OF BASE IMITATIONS.

6. About this time, rather mysteriously, the notes, which had hitherto been printed on letter stock, began to appear on fine-quality banknote paper. Some people claim that the U.S. Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, provided Upham with the paper after it was seized in a Union blockade. (Stanton is the man who, upon Abraham Lincoln's assassination, famously declared, "Now he belongs to the ages.") By summer, Upham's counterfeits were superior in quality to the real thing.

To read the complete article, see:
11 Things You Might Not Know About Samuel UphamRead more at http://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/03/24/11-things-might-not-know-samuel-upham/#dbw6mZAHJt5Qafde.99(www.phillymag.com/news/2017/03/24/11-things-might-not-know-samuel-upham/#xXyaBCttiELKl2zV.99)