Purim taler: "Collectors' term for a 1632 taler from Erfurt, dating from the time of the Swedish occupation, issued on the occasion of a so-called Purim festival, to celebrate the "affirmedEvangelic faith", on 7 September 1632. The taler received its name from the beginning of the reverse's legend DIES PVRIM (Lat. 'day of Purim')." This is how the relevant entry in Helmut Kahnt's 2005"Großes Münzlexikon", page 369, reads. Some things remain open, though, for example why, in 1632, the city of Erfurt celebrated a Jewish festival.

The historical situation
Erfurt faced a problem. As early as 1577, the government of the city had signed the Formula of Concord, thus confirming its conversion to the Protestant faith. But Erfurt was no free imperial city.It was subject to a sovereign, the Catholic archbishop of Mainz, of all people. This was anything but a comfortable position. Although the two parties managed to negotiate a compromise - the citizensof Erfurt were granted free choice of faith and the city in turn did not strive at becoming a free imperial city, this was a labile compromise. Erfurt was neither foe nor friend which became clear tothe citizens by the mere fact that, at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, the imperial soldiers pillaged their city repeatedly - despite the Erfurt Council having spent much money on acquiringwrits of protection from the emperor.

Then, in 1631, Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus prevailed near Breitenfeld, and everything was all right. On 2 October, he entered Erfurt. On 4 October, the Erfurt Council swore the oath of fealtyto him. The city had a new lord - this time, a Protestant one.

The Protestants annex the cathedral
On his entry, Gustavus Adolphus had assured the Catholics of his protection. To the annoyance of the Protestants who were not able to hold their service in the largest church of the city. And so thecouncil planned a coup in which Gustavus Adolphus would not interfere. On 30 August 1632, the council passed a "Christian order" to celebrate the victory of Gustavus Adolphus near Breitenfeld in allchurches of Erfurt - including the Catholic Cathedral - on 6 September. The festivities were to be repeated annually.

The cathedral's chapter received the meagre information that it was planned to hold services in the cathedral according to the Protestant way in the future. After all, they were told, that hadbeen done before (though nobody mentioned that this had been during the 1525 Peasants' War).

The canons of course complained to the Swedish resident. But he refused to intervene: Naturally, he didn't want to force the cathedral's chapter, but it would be so much better if things could besettled with the council peacefully.

Obviously, that didn't work. In the morning of 7 September 1632, representatives of the council forced the cathedral's doors open. Thousands of Protestants flocked into the church, to celebrate"their" service.

How the annexation of the cathedral became the Purim festival

The strident pastor Valentin Wallenberger gave the feast-day sermon. He compared the commemorative service of the Battle of Breitenfeld with the Jewish Purim festival. The Jewish woman Esther hadsaved the Jews from being annihilated by the Persians in the same way as, through the Battle of Breitenfeld, Gustavus Adolphus had saved the Protestants from being annihilated by the Catholics.

Following the service, a "Resurrection festival" of the Catholic university was celebrated that marked a change to the Protestant doctrines. Of course there were violent incidents - directed atthe Catholics and their property but representatives of the council intervened and limited the damage.

Thus, it was never about a Jewish feast in Erfurt, but about the Protestants retrieving the most important buildings of their city from the Catholics. The relevant news travelled to all otherProtestant cities, as did a print of Valentin Wallenberger's sermon.

The Purim talers
As a commemoration, the Purim talers were issued. On the reverse, they bear the Latin wording "Thy right hand, o Lord, has dashed in pieces the enemy", a quote from Exodus 15:6 that applies equallywell to both the Erfurt Catholics and their enemies that Gustavus Adolphus had crushed in the Battle of Breitenfeld.

The reverse translates as: "Purim day of the Evangelicals in 1632, celebrated in Erfurt on 7 September. / Honor and praise be unto God, three times the best and greatest, who had granted GustavusAdolphus, King of the Swedes, Goths and Wends, victory over the Imperial and the League army near Leipzig on 7 September 1631."

Therefore, it falls too short to think of the Purim talers as a commemorative striking only. They were definitively minted after the events at Erfurt, thus after 7 September 1631, and take up thesermon given by Valentin Wallenberger. In the bad time following the death of Gustavus Adolphus, they reminded the Protestants that the Lord had once sent them a hero to their rescue and might sendthat hero again at any time.

To read the complete article, see:
The Purim Festival of the Protestants(www.kuenker.de/en/information/presseinformationen/aktuelle-mitteilungen/107)

More than 2,000 people rallied in St. Petersburg on Saturday to protest plans by the city authorities to give a landmark cathedral to the Russian Orthodox Church amid an increasinglypassionate debate over the relationship between the church and state.

"We won't give St. Isaac's to the church. We want to save it as a museum," Boris Vishnevsky, a local lawmaker, told protesters in central St. Petersburg.

"St. Isaac's Cathedral is part of our cultural heritage. There are so many valuable exhibits that require the work of museum specialists. The Russian Orthodox Church does not have thosespecialists," said Irina Azbel, 43, a doctor, who was among those protesting.

A few dozen counterprotesters gathered in the same place to support the plans. "The return of the cathedral to the church is a return to our national roots," said Yelena Semyonova, 52, aprofessor.

The announcement earlier this month that the neoclassical St. Isaac's Cathedral, which is run as a museum, will be put under Orthodox Church ownership has sparked a backlash from city residents.More than 200,000 people have signed an online petition calling on the city authorities to reconsider.

To read the complete article, see:
Over 2,000 people rallyagainst Russian cathedral handover(www.washingtonpost.com/world/over-2000-people-rally-against-handover-of-cathedral-in-st-petersburg/2017/01/28/74bf16b8-e5a2-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html)