robs his last stagecoach.

On November 3, 1883, the gentleman bandit known as Black Bart the poet-because of the poems he left behind at the scenes of two of his crimes-robbed his last stagecoach before being apprehended by the authorities. By then, Black Bart had been robbing stagecoaches in California's gold country for eight years-unbeknownst to the many members of San Francisco high society who knew him as Charles Bolton, a courteous middle-aged mine owner who sported diamond accessories along with his cane, derby hat, and gold watch. (According to Daniel R. Seligman writing in , Bolton got the name from the villain in William H. Rhodes's novel The Case of Summerfield, which had been serialized in the Sacramento Daily Union in 1871.)

Black Bart was courteous too-he avoided violence (some say his shotgun was never even loaded) and declined to steal from the passengers of the stagecoaches he robbed. All he would take was the Wells Fargo express box and the mail. writes Seligman,

After his fourth robbery, he left behind this fine piece of verse:

After his fifth robbery, he got a little more ambitious:

It wasn't until Black Bart's 29th holdup that he was finally caught, after he left a handkerchief (seriously!) at the scene. He was apprehended on November 12th, and four days later, he pled guilty and was sentenced to eight years in jail. He was released after only four, for good behavior-as befits a gentleman-and soon after that, he disappeared entirely-as befits a poet.

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