Public art reflects the identity, history, and priorities of the nation that produced it, from the largest statue to the smallest coin. As a discipline, numismatics helps us understand the imagerythat appears on coins, medals, and paper money: who designed it, what inspired it, where it was used, and by whom.

The current debate about the disposition of monuments erected to honor the Confederate States of America enables us to examine what coins, medals, and paper money have in common with other formsof public art, along with the evident differences. The most obvious contrasts are scale and location: there are no numismatic items that are 10 feet tall, nor any that dominate a public square. Onthe other hand, government issued coins dominate the theoretical public square in a way that no single statue ever could.

The lack of a standard book, monograph, or article written on the coins and medals that depict Robert E. Lee is an intriguing omission in the literature. The resources of the Newman NumismaticPortal can help fill that gap. If an author ever wished to catalogue Lee's numismatic memorials, this would be a prime place to begin.

The first reference to a numismatic item related to Lee appears in the Proceedings of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia for May 1865 through December 1866. (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/515661?page=16). The minutes of the January 4, 1866 meeting record that among the donations made to thesociety were "seven white metal medals by [Philadelphia dealer and medalist] Mr. Charles K. Warner," including one depicting General Ulysses S. Grant on the obverse with a reverse inscribed"SURRENDER OF GEN. LEE TO GEN. GRANT APRIL 9 1865." This same reverse was later muled to obverses depicting both Washington (listed as Baker-625, https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/512400?page=245) and Lincoln.

The first medal depicting Robert E. Lee was issued in 1871, shortly after his 1870 death, though the exact circumstances of its issuance remain undiscovered. Like most of the 19th century medalsrelated to Lee, this portrait piece was issued to support the fundraising for a Lee commemorative statue, a process that typically blurred the lines between public and private spheres. Sold tosupport the construction of a Lee memorial in New Orleans, the 1871 Lee tribute medal depicted his bust facing left on the obverse with an inscription that included "Who Will Ever Live in the Heartsof His Countrymen" and the names of four of his principal battles: Manassas, Spotsylvania, Fredericksburg, and Wilderness. The reverse showed the seal of the state of Virginia with Lee's birth anddeath dates.

The marketplace for this medal, which is known in white metal and bronze, was clearly outside of the numismatic marketplace, as reflected by the length of its absence in the NNP auction cataloguedatabase. The first auction appearance was in Ed. Frossard's March 23, 1881 sale, a full decade after the medal's creation, where an example brought 95 cents, a strong price that reflects itsthen-perceived rarity. One wonders what Frossard, a for (https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/PersonDetail/776), might have thought of it.

To read the complete article, see:
The Portal Opens #2 (John Kraljevich): Robert E. Lee in Numismatics (https://nnp.wustl.edu/blog-post/514744)