A recent issue of The E-Sylum had a question about a painting by Otis Kaye. Compiling a biographywas very difficult as typical biographical sources are not available.

Otis Kaye is known for including images of money in the composition of paintings. He paintedin the trompe l'oeil style, a term meaning Such paintings were popular in thenineteenth century but made illegal by a 1909 law that prohibited reproductions of currency. Hisfirst known painting was Hidden Assets dated 1920.

He produced art for his own amusement and did not sell any in America. He lived frugally after1930 and often used scraps of wood from old furniture as his painting surface. His works are sorealistic it is difficult to tell from photos what is wood and what is a painting of wood.

The father of Otis was Werner Kaye (1850-1903). He probably Americanized his name when heimmigrated from Germany to Illinois after 1880. With his wife, Freda Kozlik (1865-1915), hereturned to Dresden where Otis was born in 1885. The family returned to America and Nahma,Michigan.

Werner had a lumber business and died in a mill accident in 1903. Freda took her son back toDresden about 1904. Otis studied engineering and learned to be a draftsman and engraver.

Otis married Alma Goldstein (1886-1937) in 1910. She was well educated and came from afamily of means. They had a daughter Freda and a son Oskar. Otis brought his family to Americaand Philadelphia following the end of World War I in 1918.

In Philadelphia, Kaye worked in engineering and invested his wife's money heavily in the stockmarket. Most of the value was lost in the stock market crash of 1929. His later paintings oftenreference his financial losses.

After losing his job, Kaye moved his family to Chicago to join his wife's older sister AnnaKozlik (1882-1939) and her son Paul Banks II (1908-1987). Their financial hardships led Almato take her children and return to Germany about 1935. Alma and her daughter Freda died in anaccident in 1937.

Kaye, Paul Banks II, and Charles Ashe formed a civil engineering company in Chicago, JJByllesby & Co. They had government contracts during World War II. During this time Kayepaintings featured banknotes with the signature of which was a tribute to hispartner, Banks.

Kaye did not limit his output to money paintings. He was a skilled engraver who made copies ofsome of the great artists' works in their original size. Some might have been mistaken for theoriginals. He also did some nudes in watercolor, painted from life.

Kaye only sold two of his money paintings during his life. These were sold in Munich in 1937.Most of his paintings were stored in the garage of Paul Banks II. Many paintings had waterdamage and mildew damage while in storage.

The painting, Heart of the Matter, which became the book illustration, was a wedding present toPaul Banks III. His paintings often had themes taken from other famous paintings. This one wasbased on Rembrandt's Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer.

Kaye had a long-time desire to return to Dresden, then in East Germany, the German DemocraticRepublic. He left the United States about 1969. In 1975, word filtered back to Chicago that hehad died in Germany the previous year. Responsibility to manage the estate and dispose of thepaintings fell primarily on Paul Banks III.

A major exhibition of his works was mounted in 2015, Otis Kaye: Money Mystery and Mastery.This was shown at the New Britain Museum of American Art in Connecticut. A paperbackcatalog of the sale was produced. [Available on eBay for less than $5.]

His works frequently included verbal puns and visual puns. Viewers of the exhibition werechallenged to find hidden clues and meanings. His collected works document his life better thanpublished biographies.

Shown here are four of Kaye's paintings.

1. D'-JIA-VU (1937) Oil on Canvas 27 x 39.5 inches
The curve represents the value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) from 1929 to1937. It is a comment on his losses in the crash of 1929. This was the subject of a book, Dejavu All Over Again published in 2010.

2. U. S. Musical Notes (1946) Oil on Panel 30 x 24.75 inches
This is a visual pun with representing both musical notes and currency. The fiddleand notes take the shape of a dollar sign. On an attached pieces of paper is printed,

3. Amor Vincit Onmia (1950) Oil on Panel 30 x 25 inches
This piece is a commentary of the loss of his wife. The blue envelope includes a photo ofAlma with a poem, The titleappears in the lower right corner and translates as This is followed bya candy cane and quarter forming a question mark.

4. Custer II / Going out of Business (1958) Oil on Panel 48 x 60 inches
In this version of Custer's Last Stand there is a simulated Going Out of Business noticeoffering There is a small note in thelower right corner from

To read earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
STACK'S MINOT SALE FEATURES NUMISMATIC ART(https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v11n18a13.html)
WAYNE'S NUMISMATIC DIARY: APRIL 29, 2018(https://www.coinbooks.org/v21/esylum_v21n17a31.html)
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: JULY 24, 2022(https://www.coinbooks.org/v25/esylum_v25n30a09.html)