On Photoshop As an Analytical Tool
Bill Eckberg writes:

Bob writes:

To read Bill's April 2017 Penny-Wise article on the topic, see:
Hubbed 1793 Obverse Dies(https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/book/573707)

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
NOTES FROM E-SYLUM READERS: OCTOBER 2, 2022 : Witness Marks and the Death of a Die(https://www.coinbooks.org/v25/esylum_v25n40a13.html)

Cast Coinage Errors

"I thought I might add to the piece about forgotten ancient errors. A doubly forgotten error area is cast coinage errors. Attached are some quick photos of a few. Hou Quan ca.14-23 A.D. I think this explains why the early"money spring" coinage rapidly shrank from 30 grams to two grams due to the casting material being unable to handle the molten metal mass.

The second is an example of an extremely rare Hou Quan that was made with a core of iron which shows that this minting idea interfered with the metal flow. Another idea was quickly abandoned.

The third is a common Wu Zhu of the Western Han era ca. 118-0 B.C. The vertical style of the mold rather than the usual bar-like mold leaked between stacked layers causing this error.

Finally, a Dong Zhou Wu Zhu ca 198 A.D. shows a bit of retained metal in the coins minute millimeter sprue. This indicates that even 0.4 grams of metal when poor workmanship is used, can still lead to error. Other types of error exist but not these are not for today."

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
THE ORIGINAL ERROR COINS(https://www.coinbooks.org/v25/esylum_v25n40a22.html)

Coins Picturing the Silphion Plant
UK reader Glen Wilson writes:

To read the complete article, see:
This miracle plant was eaten into extinction 2,000 years ago-or was it?(https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/miracle-plant-eaten-extinction-2000-years-ago-silphion)

Bidding in the Peter Tillou Sale
Hedley Betts writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
PETER H. TILLOU NUMISMATIC LITERATURE SALE(https://www.coinbooks.org/v25/esylum_v25n40a04.html)

State of California $20 Pattern

Robert Cassling writes:

To read the complete Heritage lot descriptions, see:
1851 P$20 San Francisco State of California 20 Dollars Pattern, MS62 Gilt NGC. K-4, Low R.7....(https://coins.ha.com/itm/territorial-gold/territorial-and-fractional-gold/1851-p-20-san-francisco-state-of-california-20-dollars-pattern-ms62-gilt-ngc-k-4-low-r7-pcgs-10369-/a/1271-5218.s)
1851 P$20 San Francisco State of California 20 Dollars Pattern, MS62 Gilt NGC. K-4, Low R.7....(https://coins.ha.com/itm/territorial-gold/territorial-and-fractional-gold/1851-p-20-san-francisco-state-of-california-20-dollars-pattern-ms62-gilt-ngc-k-4-low-r7-pcgs-10369-/a/1316-3328.s)

More on A.I. in Coin Designs
Edwin Johnston writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum articles, see:
DALL-E COIN IMAGES(https://www.coinbooks.org/v25/esylum_v25n40a14.html)
EDWIN JOHNSTON'S AI MONEY ART DESIGNS(https://www.coinbooks.org/v23/esylum_v23n42a17.html)