The U.S. Mint Refuses Greenbacks
Dave Hirt writes:

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
GREENBACKS, GOLD AND AMERICAN CAPITALISM (www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v18n49a21.html)

On the Great Seal Star Constellation

Some people have interpreted the intent of the Great Seal star constellation as a random grouping of stars, usually in reference to Charles Thomson's proposed drawing of the Great Seal, which was considerably modified in the final version. The eighteenth-century definition of a constellation describes "a system of several stars" which I have imaged from my set of Dobson's Encylopædia. With this definition, the final arrangement of the stars on the original Great Seal die is correct, and not in error as some have described it.

Robert Scot used six-pointed stars in his designs, which have two opposing points in a linear axis, allowing Scot to easily align them into a pattern. I have included an image of a Commissioner of Revenue counterstamp engraved by Robert Scot, similar to one pictured in my book Robert Scot: Engraving Liberty. This is exactly the same hexagram pattern that is on the original Great Seal die, with individual six-pointed stars rotated in a vertical orientation, and arranged into a single six-pointed united star that "denotes a new State," which is quite an ingenious design of the thirteen stars.

Both Thomson and Scot had reputations as being honest and trustworthy, and there little chance of them putting hidden meanings into something as important as the Great Seal. In my book I described that most of the Great Seal symbols had been previously used for various religious and cultural purposes, and they "suggest a borrowed symbolism, with a synthesis of all design elements adapted for a new interpretation of an exclusively American meaning for the Great Seal." Although there is no evidence of Haym Salomon being involved with the Great Seal, I did describe his financing activities during the revolution as being "strategically crucial to the American cause."

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
HAYM SALOMON MEDALS (www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v18n50a22.html)