H. E. Manville, Dictionary of English Numismatic Terms. Spink London 2014. 301 pages. 21 x 30cm. Hardback with dust jacket. ISBN 978-1-907427-36-7. £45,00.

One of the most underrated tasks is writing dictionaries. Even in Germany, where there is much talk of the Duden, hardly anybody knows that KonradDuden, its author, was one of the protagonists of public instruction who tried to make it easier for all people to write by using his collection ofaccurately written words. Konrad Duden worked in a period of time when there was a fierce discussion going on about whether or not a word's languagehistory should be reflected in its orthography. He preferred a phonetic spelling but in the end every word was something of a compromise with Duden,in place of future generations of Germans, contemplating the right kind of orthography individually.

Why this lengthy preface? Well, it is quite simple, it would be much too little to just introduce the Dictionary of English NumismaticTerms as mere "Dictionary", and it would not remotely get to the heart of the matter. It is much more. It is the attempt to organize the entireknowledge on British and Irish numismatics in one volume with almost exactly 300 pages.

Responsible for this compilation is H. E. Manville, renowned expert on British and Irish numismatics, who was also awarded the book prize of theInternational Association of Professional Numismatists for his monograph "Tokens of the Industrial Revolution". He did not only write the "Dictionaryof English Numismatic Terms". Rather, it is the fifth and final volume of the impressive "Encyclopaedia of British and Irish Numismatics". Inthree volumes a vast collection of material was assembled, each consisting of an annotated catalog of auction sale catalogs, archaeological andnumismatic journals and printed books. The fourth volume is a biographical lexicon. The encyclopedia's last volume is now devoted to numismatictechnical terms.

That already sets the scene. Anyone who expects to find absolutely all numismatic terms here might be disappointed. When it comes to Englishnumismatics, though, it is hard to find anything more comprehensive than this hoard of knowledge.

For example, you know the phenomenon that two persons are depicted on the same coin with one bust depicted behind the other one. What is thecorrect English term for this kind of artistic convention? Catalogs often refer to it as "jugate busts" and this is certainly an option. As a matterof fact, this phenomenon could be described in three different ways. "Jugate" still harks back to the Latin word "iugum", i.e. the yoke under whichtwo draft animals are bound, on an equal footing. Another, neutral term would be "conjoined". But when you look up the heraldic term "accolated" youwill find this information about the use of the word in question: "Two persons of unequal status presented facing the same way and overlapping, withthe one of higher status in front." Thus, the word "accolated" not only describes the way in which the persons are depicted but also indicates aspecial hierarchy. Anybody preferring "accolated" to "jugate" or "conjoined" in the future will do so deliberately, with the intention of hinting atthis hierarchy.

The art of writing a dictionary requires a fine command of language and a profound insight into the different aspects of a subject. The author iswell-aware of the snares of his work and has thus invited renowned guest authors to contribute as well, on such comprehensive terms as "Anglo-SaxonCoinage", "Irish Coinage" or "Numismatic Literature".

In conclusion, the Dictionary of English Numismatic Terms is a highly useful book which can be consulted for every single key word not onlyin cases of doubt. Like all good dictionaries, this one, too, constantly tempts the reader, upon opening, to jump from one word to the next and, inthe process of reading, acquire much knowledge on the subject described.

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Dictionary of English Numismatics (www.coinsweekly.com/en/News/4?&id=3150)