1785 Inimica Tyrannis Cent
1785 Inimica Tyrannis America / Confederatio, Large Circle Cent Original MS63 Brown NGC.Breen-1123, Whitman-5630, High R.7. 120.6 grains, 99% Copper per NGC metallurgical tests. There aretwo obverse dies known for this type, here with the legend INIMICA TYRANNIS AMERICA and in the nextlot, with the legend INIMICA TYRANNIS AMERICANA. The reverse dies are also distinctive, here withthe large circle of stars, and below with a small circle of stars. This extraordinary copper hasfull cartwheel luster with choice goldenbrown surfaces showing a few splashes of greenish-steeltoning. Although imperfectly centered, the strike is sufficient to show full border details on bothsides. A tiny planchet defect through the quiver will identify this example.

The obverse motto, "America Opposed to Tyranny," was taken from a longer Latin phrase,"Manus haec inimica tyrannis ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem," attributed toAlgernon Sidney circa 1659. Sidney was an English soldier and statesman was opposed to King CharlesII; he was executed for treason in 1683. A notice in the November 20, 1755 edition of ThePennsylvania Gazette described Sidney as a "Friend of Peace." The second half of theLatin passage is the official motto of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Large StarsConfederatio pieces are known as decads, the name given to a copper coin valued at approximatelyone hundredth of a Spanish dollar. A sketch of the design appeared in the papers of the ContinentalCongress in 1785, and is considered by some as an important pattern issue.

1786/85 Immunis Columbia, Confederatio Mule
1786/85 Immunis Columbia, Confederatio, Large Stars, Crosby VII, 16, Breen-1128, Whitman-5665, MS64Brown NGC. 159.8 grains. This extremely rare Confederatio piece combines the 1786 Immunis Columbiaobverse with the 1785 Large Stars Confederatio reverse. Walter Breen believed this mule was unique,and used this piece as the plate coin in his Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. Thisis the first example of the variety that we have handled in the 40-year history of our firm. TheNewman specimen is clearly the finest example, and carries the longest provenance. The other knownpiece is a corroded VG example that was offered in the 2002 ANA sale with no previous pedigree.

Facts about these pieces are extremely limited and confusing. A series of coins includingvarious combinations of the Immunis Columbia obverse, the Confederatio reverse, and related dies,includes a mule of the 1786 Immunis Columbia obverse and the New Jersey shield reverse, alsooffered in the present sale. The various pieces are recorded in the Whitman Colonial Encyclopediaunder catalog numbers 5630-5700, listing 14 different varieties. These pieces are also punch-linkedto the Nova Constellatio coppers of 1783 and 1785. Eric P. Newman believes that these coins,including the Nova Constellatio coppers and the Immunis Columbia pieces, were produced in England,probably at Wyon's Birmingham Mint. Earlier numismatic scholars, including Sylvester S. Crosbyheld the same belief in the 19th century. More recently, other researchers, including MichaelHodder, have developed an alternative viewpoint that the coins were produced in America.

1785 Washington Confederatio Copper
1785 General Washington, Confederatio, Large Circle Copper, Crosby VII, 14, Breen-1125,Whitman-5665, VF30 NGC. CAC. 128.0 grains, 99% copper per NGC metallurgical tests. This was thesecond example discovered according to Sylvester S. Crosby, who reported its earlier history in theApril 1889 issue of the American Journal of Numismatics: Washington Confederatio.

The General Washington obverse die is seen here with the Confederatio Large Circle reverse; itis also known with the New Jersey Shield reverse die C, and the 1786 Heraldic Eagle die, obverse 5in the New Jersey series. The New Jersey mule lends credence to these pieces being Americancolonial issues, rather than products of England. However, facts about these coins are just as rareas the coins themselves.

1776 New Hampshire Copper
1776 New Hampshire Pine Tree Copper VG8 NGC. CAC. Breen-708, Whitman-8395, High R.7. 142.0 grains,99% copper, per NGC test results. The obverse of this simply designed copper features a tall PineTree with the legend AMERICAN LIBERTY, while the reverse depicts a harp with the date 1776. WalterBreen's Complete Encyclopedia lists six different varieties under the heading New HampshireCoppers, but that illustrated and offered here is the only variety that is considered a genuine NewHampshire copper. Sylvester S. Crosby reproduced the legislation in Early Coins of America andnoted that a copy of the original record of March 13, 1776 included sketched designs that arenearly identical to the few surviving examples, such as this piece from the Eric P. NewmanCollection.

Facts about these coppers are limited and surviving examples are extremely rare, althoughreproductions are commonplace. In his book, In Yankee Doodle's Pocket, Will Nipper writes:"New Hampshire patterns are so rare that the probability of encountering a genuine specimen isalmost zero. Yet, copies number in the millions."

For more information, see:
2014 November 14 - 16 Selections fromthe Eric P. Newman Collection Part V US Coins Signature Auction - New York #1215(coins.ha.com/c/auction-home.zx?saleNo=1215)

To read the earlier article, see:
NEWMAN CHALMERS THREEPENCE, SIXPENCE ANDRINGS (www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n39a24.html)