Coins of Medieval Hungary: Part I

ABOUT THE YEAR 895, THE MAGYARS, a federation of nomadic tribes whose origin was in the distant forests of Siberia, crossed the Carpathian Mountains led by a chieftain namedÁrpád (c. 845-907), and occupied the wide, fertile Danubian basin. Known to the Romans as "Pannonia", this region had seen the rise and fall of the Huns, the Goths, the Avars, andothers.

Magyar warriors were horse archers, a skill that takes years of training and constant practice to master. They were valued as allies in the wars of the Franks and theByzantines. During the 10th century they became fearsome raiders, looting and pillaging across much of Europe. They abandoned their predatory ways following a crushing defeat in955 by the armored knights of the German emperor Otto "the Great" (ruled 936-973) at Lechfeld in Bavaria.

Few medieval coins would win a numismatic beauty contest, but their stories give us insight into the brutal "game of thrones" that characterized this turbulent era.

To read the complete article, see:
Coins of Medieval Hungary: Part I(https://coinweek.com/world-coins/coins-of-medieval-hungary-part-i/)

One Numismatist's Experience With Computers

Numismatists rely heavily on computers and computer programs to help track down and process information in a variety of ways. Some of the most important computing toolsused today are word processors, database managers, desktop publishing, webpage editors, spreadsheets, image processors, and data storage. While computers and computing tools areubiquitous today, there was a time â€" not so long ago â€" when these tools were scarce or non-existent.

This blog entry is a trip down memory lane as I recall my experiences with computers over the years.

To read the complete article, see:
One Numismatist's Experience With Computers(https://numismaticdetectives.com/blog/f/a-numismatist%E2%80%99s-experience-with-computers)

Community Currencies

What's a community currency? It's a special, local currency that can only be used within a certain locale at shops or other businesses that have signed up to accept it as analternative to the official, national currency, with the goal of encouraging spending in the local economy. This can either encompass a whole town, or in the case of a currencylike the Brixton Pound, just one London neighbourhood, and can be bought at a rate equivalent to the national British pound. There are thousands of community currencies in theworld and the concept has been around for decades, and in the past couple of years, they're becoming more popular as more have become digital.

Community currencies are seen by proponents as an innovative tool to help local trade flourish against the trend to globalisation. Other benefits can include providing a methodfor people without access to paid employment to earn 'money' through charitable or other community work, as well as providing a medium for a specific town or region toexpress its individual identity in a way national currencies do not. But community currencies have yet to really infiltrate the mainstream â€" sometimes stymied by a naïve attitudeto running costs, or failure to provide digital forms that chime more with modern ways of spending. Now, however, various currencies are tackling these issues in different waysworldwide.

To read the complete article, see:
Are community currencies a better way to shop?(https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200427-how-community-currencies-help-keep-businesses-afloat)

Portraits of Franklin & Washington

"These images adorn America's two most widely circulated banknotes: Stuart's 1796 Athenaeum portrait of Washington (flipped to turn left) on the ubiquitousAmerican one-dollar bill and Duplessis's 1785 painting of Franklin on the widely hoarded hundred. Together, they account for more than three-fifths of all U.S. banknotes incirculation, with 'Franklins' constituting some 80 percent of the total value of all American paper money.

"Franklin's portrait expands beyond the bill's borders -- his expressive face looking fleshy and open. Clearly aged, Franklin nevertheless appears vibrant andalive. 'He ... possesses an activity of mind equal to a youth of 25,' a fellow delegate said of the eighty-one-year-old Franklin at the Constitutional Convention, twoyears after the picture was painted.

"Washington, in contrast, glares out from a tight central oval on the one-dollar bill, his craggy, colorless visage looking like a plaster mask animated only by thoseintense eyes, which Stuart painted as bluer than they really were. Once told that his expression showed emotion, Washington shot back, 'You are wrong. My countenance neveryet betrayed my feelings!'

Stuart saw something in that face, however. 'All his features,' the painter commented, 'were indicative of the strongest and most ungovernable passions.' YetWashington governed them with a granite, tight-lipped self-control that made him the stoic father figure for a nation that adopted Franklin as its favorite uncle. Together, theymidwifed a republic.

To read the complete article, see:
PAINTINGS OF WASHINGTON AND FRANKLIN -- 4/27/20 (https://delanceyplace.com/view-archives.php?p=4086)