Born in Spokane, Washington. He graduated from San Francisco State College and received a masters degree in social work from the University of California. He married Nancy Reynolds in 1957.

Author of

U. S. State Issued Sales Tax Tokens

in 1973. Author with Michael Pfefferkorn of

Chits, Chislers, and Funny Money: A History and Catalogue of United States Sales Tax Tokens, Receipts and Punch- Cards

( 1977). Author of

Chinese American Tokens From the Pacific State

s (2004) and

Chinese American Tokens From the Pacific Coas

t (2009). He published the Schimmel Food Stamp Change Newsletter 1980-1989.

He conducted 15 auctions listed in Gengerke.

He died in Pacifica, California.

obit: The E-Sylum 10/3/2021