LAI Yu-chih: "Casting the Territory: A Study of Two Cabinets of Coins from the Qianlong Period in the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg", Bulletin of the Institute ofModern History, Academia Sinica, Vol. 101 (2018), pp.1-62.

Article in Chinese, with English abstract, available online (open access) at http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/bulletins.aspx

Abstract
The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg houses two cabinets of coins from East Turkesktan presented when the Qing empire conquered the territory in 1759. The museum assertsthat these two cabinets were a diplomatic gift from Emperor Qianlong to Catherine the Great. The cabinets were both made of valuable Zitan wood and are covered with inscriptionsin Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, and Uighur scripts. Both cabinets contain three tiers of coins, 32 and 51 in total respectively, dating from 2 BCE to 12 CE.

Scholarship on the coins themselves has neglected the circumstanced of their gifting. However, the archives of the Qing court allow us to reconstruct when, how, and even whyEmperor Qianlong ordered the coins to be collected and displayed. This article situates the analysis of these two cabinets of ancient Chinese coins in the context of both Chineseand European numismatic traditions, and offers an interpretation of the political meanings of Qianlong's gift. Its visual and material aspects show Qianlong's understanding ofEuropean practices and his use of non-verbal forms to promote his political agenda.

To read the complete article, see:
56. TWO CABINETS OF COINS FROM THEQIANLONG PERIOD IN THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM(https://chinesemoneymatters.wordpress.com/2019/01/02/two-cabinets-of-coins-from-the-qianlong-period-in-the-state-hermitage-museum/)