Fantasies of escaping society's problems often fuel utopian movements, but one bizarre-and mysterious-effort from the '70s to create a nation free ofgovernment intervention caused nothing but trouble and sparked an international relations dispute.

In 1972, the "utopian" Republic of Minerva made its first appearance in the New York Times in a story headlined "South Sea Reef Proclaimed a Republic by 3Americans." Michael Oliver, one of the three founders, explained that he wanted to create an "escape from high taxes, riots, drugs, and crime" and did itthrough an old-fashioned colonial land grab.

Oliver and his partners chose the Minerva Reef-named after a ship that was wrecked on it in the 1820s-which is about 450 miles south of Fiji and 260 mileseast of Tonga. During low tide, it's only partially submerged. They intended to build a 400-acre artificial island over the reef and turn it into a resort thatwould "sparkle like a jewel in the blue South Pacific," according to one of the Republic of Minerva's self-published newspapers. They hoped to attract tens ofthousands of residents and base their governance structure on zero taxes, no welfare, no subsidies, and no economic intervention.

A coin collector and real estate investor, Oliver used much of his own wealth to establish the Republic of Minerva. Soon after sending a "declaration ofindependence," another founder, Morris Davis, built a tower of stones on the reef and planted a flag-a golden torch set against a blue background-for the new"country" on it.

While The Republic of Minerva sounded like a fool's errand from the start, the dream of establishing micro-nations in the middle of the ocean still persistsin the form of the Seasteading movement. Billionaire Peter Thiel, co-founder of PayPal and the software company Palantir, once tried to create his own floatingcountry off New Zealand.

The ocean has long washed any sand that Oliver and his associates placed on the Minerva Reef. Some of his coins, however, are still available for sale.

To read the complete article, see:
This failed utopia from the 1970s sparked an internationaldispute (https://www.curbed.com/2019/7/12/20690898/republic-of-minerva-south-pacific-michael-oliver)

To read an earlier E-Sylum article, see:
MICRONATION STATECRAFT FOR DUMMIES (https://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v17n43a21.html)