GROUX: FROM COURTIER TO KITCHEN HAND
The article is about the life of Edouard Daniel Jacques Groux, who was born in 1807 in the Free andHanseatic City of Hamburg. He was well-educated and learned the trade of pastry chef from his fatherafter his family fell from favor with the Emperor. Groux inherited a cabinet of around five thousandcoins and medals from General Jan Pieter van Suchtelen and purchased a second cabinet of 2,800 coinsand medals in 1839. Groux attempted to monetize his collection in Marseille but failed. In 1841, theAmerican Consul in Marseille advised Groux to take his collection to the United States and sell it to thegovernment, but he entered a market with many eager sellers and only one unmotivated buyer.

GROUX: COMING TO AMERICA
The article talks about D.E. Groux, a numismatist who opened a museum in Boston in 1864 after hisfailed museum in Marseilles. He tried to sell his collection to Harvard College but was declined. Later, heattempted to sell his collection to the National Institute in Washington, D.C. but was rejected. He thentried to sell some of his coins to Charles Francis Adams, a notable coin collector, and also asked for aloan to redeem his pawned pieces. Adams made a series of loans, but Groux did not repay the loans bythe agreed time, leaving Adams in possession of many of his coins and medals.

GROUX: EPHEMERAL HOPE
Daniel Groux, a collector of coins and medals, had a stroke of luck when he was paid to catalogue thenumismatic collection of the Maryland Historical Society in 1851. He also made a bid to sell his collectionto the US government, but despite receiving support from Senators Gwin and Soulé, he wasunsuccessful. Groux attempted to sell his collection to Barnum's American Museum and even tried tosell it through a nationwide lottery, but both efforts were fruitless. Groux was then forced to turn topublic auction and sold his coins and medals in a sale in February 1856.

GROUX: MESS ON THE POTOMAC
Daniel Groux was a numismatist who was humiliated in court and failed to sell his collection. He movedto Washington D.C., hoping to work as a curator at the Smithsonian, but was informed by theinstitution's first Secretary that he would not be employed in any position. Groux was also a convictedbigamist after his son pressed charges against him in Boston. He borrowed a large sum of money fromPhoebe Tayloe, of Washington, D.C., with his collection serving as collateral. He later convinced her toattempt to recover coins he had lost to Charles Francis Adams a dozen years before. After failing torecover them, Groux moved to Philadelphia and was entangled with the law there. He was jailed butreleased on bail supplied by a gentleman of the city. This gentleman sought reimbursement by acquiringthe two parts of Groux's collection, which were pledged to secure the loan from Tayloe. Groux hadassured him that both collections were worth far more than the amount he had paid for them.

GROUX: JACKAL IN WINTER
The article discusses the life and career of Daniel Groux, a French adventurer who became known in thenumismatic world for his dubious sales schemes and the disappointing sales of his collections. After adisastrous auction in 1861, Groux disappeared from the public eye until he wrote a letter to PresidentLincoln in 1863, asking for employment. Groux died in 1871, and his remaining collection was sold in1874 to pay off a debt owed to Phoebe Tayloe. Despite the hype surrounding the sale, the collectionwas not particularly valuable, and the sale realized only a small amount of money. Overall, Groux'scareer in numismatics was marked by failures and disappointment.

GROUX: BROADSIDE SALE
In February 1856, Bangs, Brothers & Co held an auction of rare coins, medals and medallions in NewYork City, which were described in a broadside format. Charles Ira Bushnell trimmed and attached thetop left half of this broadside to his Flandin's Catalogue book. Groux, the consignor, was in financialdifficulty and forced to sell some of his collection. The collection was packed into 12 glazed cases withno numbered lots, and a note at the bottom of the broadside stated that the contents of the casescouldn't be divided. Bushnell recorded the prices realized, and Bowers' American Numismatics Beforethe Civil War provides two candidates for the purchaser of the Roman Pontiffs Medallions.

GROUX: BUSHNELL REVIEW
The article discusses a review by Charles Ira Bushnell of Groux's auction of ancient coins and medallionsthat took place on February 16, 1856. Bushnell's review was published the day after the auction in theNew-York Daily Times. The article provides a detailed summary of Bushnell's criticisms of the auction,including descriptions of the lots sold and their respective prices, as well as his overall assessment of thecollection. Bushnell was unsparing in his criticism, finding many of the pieces to be either illegible ormisdescribed.

GROUX: COLOPHON
The text discusses Daniel E. Groux's numismatic career and his sale of coins and medals in February1856. Despite Americans undervaluing his collection, the sale raised $285.85 1/2, the highest he had everrealized at auction. However, Groux was criticized for misleading descriptions, overvaluing pieces, andeven counterfeiting to execute his schemes. While he believed in the educational and monetary value ofhis collection, his enthusiasm was not widely shared among collectors."

To read the earlier E-Sylum article, see:
BUSHNELL'S COMPENDIUM CATALOG, PART ONE(https://www.coinbooks.org/v26/esylum_v26n17a07.html)